A website consists of a set of related web pages. A web page is a document containing text, pictures, audio, video etc. It is linked to other pages using a language called HTML. HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language.
Hypertext is text
that contains links to other text and images on one or more web pages. It was
Ted Nelson who coined the term ‘Hypertext’ around 1965.
In HTML, Markup
refers to the code that specifies how text should appear on a web page when it
is displayed or printed. The code has tags that specify, the format of a part
or of the entire web page.
FEATURES OF HTML
–
1.
HTML is not a programming language;
it is a markup language;
2. A markup language consists of a set of markup tags;
3.
HTML is not a word processing tool
like MS word;
4.
HTML is a collection of tags to
design the page, layout and hyperlinks;
HTML TAGS–
HTML tags
determine, the way of a web browser will display the text. There are many different kinds of tags. Some
of them are:
(i)
HTML tags are keywords enclosed
between a pair of angular brackets like < html>;
(ii)
HTML tags normally come in pairs
comprising start and end tags like <b> and </b>;
(iii)
Start and end tags are also called ‘opening’
or ‘ON’ tags and ‘closing’ or ‘OFF’ tags respectively;
(iv)
When both ‘ON’ and ‘OFF’ tags are
present, it is called a container tag. When an ‘ON’ tag is present but the ‘OFF’
tag is missing, then it is called an empty tag;
(v)
HTML is not case sensitive. As long
as there is no spelling mistake, the case of the tags does not matter. So, <HEAD> is treated the same as <head>;
(vi)
The space between tags does not
affect their output.
<B> text </B> is same as <B>text</B> or <B>
text
</B>
(vii)
When
we use tags in combination, we cannot overlap them, that is, the most recent
tag should be closed first.
Example: <U> <B> sample
text </B> </U> √
<U> <B> sample text </U> </B> X
HTML DOCUMENTS STRUCTURE–
Every HTML file must follow the predefined
structure as given below:-
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
Whichever HTML code that is being written, should be written in the ‘Notepad’ application of Microsoft.
An example of a HTML code is given below:-
The following is a code for a web page
informing about the beautiful flowers of the world.
·
Open a web browser,
·
Select File -> Open,
·
An open dialogue box appears. Click
on Browse,
·
Go to the location where, the file
was saved. Select the file and click on Open,
·
Click OK in the open dialogue box,
·
The HTML file opens in Internet
Explorer.
A much easier way
of opening the HTML file in a web browser is to close the Notepad window and
click on the shortcut of Internet Explorer icon with the file name on it,
formed on the home window of the computer.
Tables are used on a web page to arrange data
in the form of rows and columns. The basic table building tags are as follows:-
|
TAG |
TAG NAME |
DESCRIPTION |
|
<TABLE> </TABLE> |
Table
tag |
The
start and end of the table |
|
<TH> </TH> |
Header
cell tag |
A
table heading cell, which is a column header or row header |
|
<TR> </TR> |
Table
row tag |
Table
head and table body. |
|
<TD> </TD> |
Table
data tag |
Table cell (stands for “table data”),which holds the actual data |
Given below is the HTML Code for creating a
calendar of the first two months of the year using tables.
<head>
<title> Calendar </title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align = “center”> Calendar of the
year 2020 </h1>
<br> <table align = “center” border = “3”
cellspacing = “7” bgcolor = “orange” bordercolor = “blue” valign = “bottom”>
<tr>
<th> Mon </th>
<th> Tue </th>
<th> Wed </th>
<th> Thu
</th>
<th> Fri
</th>
<th> Sat
</th>
<th> Sun </th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> - </td>
<td> - </td>
<td> 1 </td>
<td> 2 </td>
<td> 3 </td>
<td> 4 </td>
<td> 5 </td>
</tr>
<tr> <td> 6 </td>
<td>
7 </td>
<td>
8 </td>
<td>
9 </td>
<td>
10 </td>
<td>
11 </td>
<td>
12 </td>
</tr>
<tr> <td> 13 </td>
<td>
14 </td>
<td>
15 </td>
<td>
16 </td>
<td>
17 </td>
<td>
18 </td>
<td>
19 </td>
</tr>
<tr> <td> 20 </td>
<td>
21 </td>
<td>
22 </td>
<td>
23 </td>
<td>
24 </td>
<td>
25 </td>
<td>
26 </td>
</tr>
<tr> <td> 27 </td>
<td>
28 </td>
<td>
29 </td>
<td>
30 </td>
<td>
31 </td>
<td>
- </td>
<td>
- </td>
</tr>
</table>
<br> <h2 align = “center”><u>
February </u></h2>
<br> <table align = “center” border = “3”
cellspacing = “7” bgcolor = “orange” bordercolor = “blue” valign = “bottom”>
<tr>
<td> - </td>
<td> - </td>
<td> - </td>
<td> - </td>
<td> - </td>
<td> 1 </td>
<td> 2 </td>
</tr>
<tr> <td> 3 </td>
<td> 4 </td>
<td>
5 </td>
<td>
6 </td>
<td>
7 </td>
<td>
8 </td>
<td>
9 </td>
</tr>
<tr> <td> 10 </td>
<td>
11 </td>
<td>
12 </td>
<td>
13 </td>
<td>
14 </td>
<td>
15 </td>
<td>
16 </td>
</tr>
<tr> <td> 17 </td>
<td>
18 </td>
<td>
19 </td>
<td>
20 </td>
<td>
21 </td>
<td>
22 </td>
<td>
23 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
24 </td>
<td>
25 </td>
<td>
26 </td>
<td>
27 </td>
<td>
28 </td>
<td>
29 </td>
<td>
- </td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
OUTPUT -
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